Fail:Flint with weathering spherulites (Vanport Flint, Middle Pennsylvanian; Nethers Flint Quarries, Flint Ridge, Ohio, USA) 2.jpg
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Nam-a̱lyiat
Wa̱i a̱lyiatFlint with weathering spherulites (Vanport Flint, Middle Pennsylvanian; Nethers Flint Quarries, Flint Ridge, Ohio, USA) 2.jpg |
English: Flint with weathering spherulites from the the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.
Flint is the "official" state gemstone of Ohio (actually, there's no such thing as "official" anything). "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin. Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules). The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples. Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin. Some Pennsylvanian-aged cherts in eastern America are inferred to be ultimately derived from quartzose eolian dust on seafloors. Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old Indian flint pits can be examined along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("State Memorial"). Many authentic Indian artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint. Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian Locality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude) |
A̱tuk | |
A̱tyin | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/49972206663/ |
A̱tyulyuut | James St. John |
Shyiat kwaa̱mbwat a̱ka̱wat
- A byia̱ sa̱t:
- ka̱ a cat ka̱u – ka̱ a cat maat, ka̱u ma̱ng shei ta̱m hu
- ka̱ a cat nyia̱ ri̱mik – ka̱ a cat saai ta̱m hu
- A̱tafa ta̱fwat ji̱ khwi a̱ni:
- a̱di̱dam kaswuo – Ta hwa a nwuak a̱gwai ku myim a̱ni, tyia̱ a̱fwuop kwaa̱mbwat a̱ka̱wat ka, a si̱ wa̱i ka̱ á̱ ku shai kyang mami. A bye nyia̱ a̱nia di̱ kuzang za̱kwa ji̱ myim a̱ni, a̱wot tyong nyian hu si̱sak ji̱ na li á ngyei a̱tyunwuat kwaa̱mbwat a̱ka̱wat wu wa shim ang ku da̱ nggu wa shim nyian ta̱m ang hu a̱ni.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/49972206663. It was reviewed on 18 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
18 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 2020
Items portrayed in this file
depicts English
some value
published in English
copyright status English
copyrighted English
captured with English
Canon PowerShot D10 English
4 Zwat A̱taa 2020
exposure time English
0.01666666666666666666 second
f-number English
11
focal length English
11.614 millimetre
ISO speed English
80
media type English
image/jpeg
photograph English
Flickr photo ID English
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Nyap a̱tuk/jen a nwuan fayit hu a li ma̱nang ku ku ndi di̱ ntsa hu mi̱ di̱n jen a̱ja.
A̱tuk/Jen | A̱gban ghwughwu | Shi-a̱ka̱ta̱m | A̱tyunta̱m | A̱di̱dam | |
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mi̱ di̱ yong huni | 05:13, 18 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 2020 | 2,526 × 1,802 (3.42 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/49972206663/ with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
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ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:52, 4 Zwat A̱taa 2020 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 16.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 02:31, 5 Zwat A̱taa 2020 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:52, 4 Zwat A̱taa 2020 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
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Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 22:31, 4 Zwat A̱taa 2020 |
Unique ID of original document | FDAB879162B8A8F15057215AE0BA1368 |